Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are a type of skin cancer that originates from squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that make up the outer layer of skin. SCCs are characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of these cells. This type of cancer commonly affects areas of the body exposed to the sun, such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, and hands. However, SCCs can also develop in areas that are not exposed to sunlight, such as the mouth, throat, esophagus, lungs, and genitalia.
Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma may include the development of a new, firm, red or pink bump or patch on the skin, open sores that do not heal, or rough, scaly, or crusty skin lesions. These cancers can be locally invasive, meaning they can spread to nearby tissues and structures, including lymph nodes. In more advanced cases, squamous cell carcinomas may metastasize, or spread, to distant organs and lead to complications and poorer prognosis.
The primary risk factor for SCCs is excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Other risk factors include fair skin, a weakened immune system, exposure to certain chemicals, previous skin injuries or burns, prolonged inflammation, and certain genetic syndromes. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing squamous cell carcinomas and minimizing their potential complications. Treatment options may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Regular skin examinations and sun protection measures are essential in preventing the development of squamous cell carcinomas.
